Battle of Niagara: a Poem Without Notes by John Neal

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John Neal by Sarah Miriam Peale, c. 1823, Portland Museum of Art – Portland, Maine

The full title of this book is Battle of Niagara: A Poem, Without Notes : and Goldau, Or, The Maniac Harper. It was originally published under the pseudonym Jehu O’Cataract in 1818.

Click to see the full-text of the book at Google Books.


From Charles Dow*:

John Neal was of Quaker descent but was read out of the society. He was a pioneer in American literature, being the first American contributor to English and Scotch quarterlies. He was an artist, a lawyer, traveler, journalist, athlete and an advocate of woman suffrage in 1838.

“The Battle of Niagara” was written when the author was a prisoner, or so he informs the reader. It has a metrical introduction with four cantos which tell the story of the Battle of Niagara. This story is interspersed with various flights of poetic fancy on the scenery and surroundings of the Falls.

N.B. The Battle of Niagara is now formally known as the Battle of Lundy’s Lane. Other names have included the Battle of Niagara Falls and the Battle of Bridgewater.

*Dow, Charles Mason. Anthology and Bibliography of Niagara Falls. Albany: State of New York, 1921, p. 699


From Frank H. Severance:**

As I survey the literature of this- period I find no bolder utterance, no fiercer defiance of Great Britain’s “Hordes,” than in the sonorous stanzas of some of our gentle poets. Iambic defiance, unless kindled by a grand genius, is a poor sort of fireworks, even when it undertakes to combine patriotism and appreciation of natural scenery. Certainly something might be expected of a poet who sandwiches Niagara Falls in between bloody battles and gives us the magnificent in nature, the gallant in warfare and the loftiest patriotism in purpose, the three strains woven in a triple paean of passion, 94 duodecimo pages in length. Such a work was offered to the world at Baltimore in 1818, with this title-page: “Battle of Niagara, a Poem without Notes, and Goldau, or the Maniac Harper. Eagles and Stars and Rainbows. By Jehu O’Cataract, author of ‘Keep Cool.’ ” I have never seen “Keep Cool,” but it must be very different from the “Battle of Niagara,” or it belies its name. The fiery Jehu O’Cataract was John Neal, or “Yankee Neal,” as he was called.

The “Battle of Niagara,” he informs the reader, was written when he was a prisoner; when he “felt the victories of his countrymen.” The poem has a metrical introduction and four cantos, in which is told, none too lucidly, the story of the battle of Niagara, with such flights of eagles, scintillation of stars and breaking of rainbows, that no quotation can do it justice. In style it is now Miltonic, now reminiscent of Walter Scott. The opening canto is mainly an apostrophe to the Bird, and a vision of glittering horsemen. Canto two is a dissertation on Lake Ontario, with word-pictures of the primitive Indian. The rest of the poem is devoted to the battle near the great cataract—and throughout all are sprinkled the eagles, stars and rainbows. Do not infer from this that the production is wholly bad; it is merely a good specimen of that early American poetry which was just bad enough to escape being good.

** Severance, Frank H. Notes on the Literature of the War of 1812. Paper Read at the annual meeting of the Ontario Historical Society, 1912.


Source:  John Neal. Battle of Niagara: A Poem, Without Notes : and Goldau, Or, The Maniac Harper. Baltimore:  N.G. Maxwell. From the Portico Press, Geo. W. Grater, printer, 1818

Read about the Battle of Lundy’s Lane

The Battle of Lundy’s Lane by Myles O’Regan

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Monument to the Battle of Lundy’s Lane in Drummond Hill Cemetery, Niagara Falls

‘Tis a sweet September evening, and the sun is sinking low;
In a hundred gorgeous colors the Canadian forests show,
Streamlets murmur through the valley, song-birds warble in the trees,
There is glory in the sunset, and there’s perfume in the breeze.

∗          ∗            ∗          ∗          ∗            ∗          ∗            ∗          ∗          ∗

“Tell us, grandpa,” said young  Charley, as his wooden sword he swung,
“Tell us of the famous battle that you fought when you were young;
How that scar came on your forehead; how it is you were not slain;
For the folks say you did bravely at the battle of Lundy’s Lane.”

Gaily smiled the tall old farmer as he stroked the golden head
Of his fair and favored grandchild.  “You’re a tease, my boy,” he said
“But if Angus cease his drumming and if Will from noise refrain,
And if Alice sit beside me, I shall tell of Lundy’s Lane.”

Silent all, they crowded ’round him, when the veteran thus began: —
“I belonged to the ‘Glengarries,’ true and loyal every man:
At Niagara we joined Drummond, on the morning of the fight,
And with the Royal Scots were posted upon the British right.

“Ah! I never shall forget it, ’twas an evening in July,
Not a ripple stirred the river, not a cloud obscured the sky,
Swallows skimmed along the ridges, cattle browsed upon the plain,
Where, but thirty minutes after, lay the wounded and the slain.

“How the fight began I know not, but the sun had just gone down,
When the Yankees charged our centre, with their leaders Scott and Brown;
‘Steady boys,’ cried our Commander, ‘when you fire at all, aim low.’—

“We could see (so close they pressed us) their fierce eyes and faces pale;
We could hear their execrations when they found their efforts fail;
When they bay’netted our gunners, other gunners took their place;
Breast to breast we fought each other, though we were of kindred race.

Like the billows of the ocean they came on with mighty force;
As the rocks receive the billows, so we checked them in their course;
And our shot and shell ploughed through them, when defeated they fell back,
Making lanes in their battalions, leaving ruin in their track.

“Light departed, but the combat flashed and thundered all the same,
And the muskets sent forth volleys, and the cannon sheets of flame;
As the hour wore on the fighting grew more desperate than before,
And the terrors of the battle hushed loud Niagara’s roar.

On came Scott, who threw his columns ‘gainst our front and on our flanks,
But our Drummond, ever wary, met the shock with serried ranks;
On came Brown with levelled bay’net through the smoke and through the night.
We could see his steel line gleaming like a streak of morning light.

“Scott and Brown and the valiant Miller, they were baffled one by one,
And their bravest fell in hundreds, with the chiefs who led them on.
Still the odds were telling ‘gainst us (we were fighting one to three),
Till the cheers of fresh re’nforcements gave us hope of victory.

“Now a lull came in the battle, and the armies drew their breath,
And the moon from out the low’ring clouds shone on the fields of death.
Oh! my children! you could never, never wish for war again,
Had you seen that field of carnage—heard the groans of wounded men.

They were strewn along the valley, they were bleeding everywhere,
While the dying cried for water in the depths of their despair—
‘Here am I,’ mocked near Niagara, with its deep resounding roar;
‘Here am I, a mighty volume, falling water evermore!’

“Havoc paused but for a moment—soon the foe he charged again,
Making one last desperate effort, but in vain, ’twas all in vain;
For, though numbers sore oppressed us, still our hearts and steel were true,
And we kept our ground, as firmly rooted as the sturdy maple grew.

“Threw we then his shattered columns down the thrice ensanguined slope.
‘See the moon uprise,’ said Drummond, ‘now my boys no longer grope.
Charge!’ Oh how we cheered, and charged them till they broke and fled amain,
And they left us in possession of the field of Lundy’s Lane.”

“But the scar, Grandpa,” said Angus, “Tell us how you got the scar?”
“From a Yankee’s flashing sabre, ’twas an accident of war.”
“But they say, Grandpa, you killed him,” little Alice, breathless, cried:
“It is getting late, my children, let us home,” the veteran sighed.

Source: Morden, James C. Historical Monuments and Observatories of Lundy’s Lane and Queenston Heights. Niagara Falls: The Lundy’s Lane Historical Society, 1929.

At head of title: The following poem was lately discovered in an old scrapbook.

Read about the Battle of Lundy’s Lane in the Canadian Encyclopedia

The Battle of Lundy’s Lane by Erieus

(In imitation of Campbell’s “Hohenlinden”)

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Archway commemorating the Battle of Lundy’s Lane

O’er Huron’s wave the orb of light
Sunk low in his diurnal flight,
And close behind the shades of night
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Spread out their sable canopy.

To Lundy’s Lane the foemen flew,
And thick array’d in hostile view,
E’er the resplendent arch withdrew
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡That high o’erarch’d Niagara.

But as the parting glance of day
Shed its last beams upon the spray
That crown’d the tumbling flood, the play
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Of battle hasten’d rapidly.

The bugle shrill the war-note spoke;
The maddening drum with furious stroke —
But louder, more appalling, broke
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡The thunders of th’ artillery.

Faint thro’ the war-cloud, dense and dun,
The moon with crimson’d crescent shone,
white gleam’d the battle’s lightenings on,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡T’illume the awful scenery.

Fight on ye brave! but who shall know,
Or where to aim th’ uncertain blow,
Or whether bleeds a friend or foe,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡To stain the wreaths of victory?

Ceased has the fight’s tremendous roar;
The cannon’s thunders peal no more;
But death’s dark harbinger hangs o’er
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡The battle’s utmost boundary.

Charge, charge, amain! the bugle sounds;
At once the clashing steel resounds;
And forward fierce the foeman bounds
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡To boldest deeds of chivalry.

Hard pant the combatants for breath,
While bloodier grows the blood stain’d heath,
And gloomier yet the work of death,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Deep veil’d in night’s obscurity.

To glory rush, ye brave, rush on!
Seize, seize the laurel! lo! ’tis won
The vanquish’d yield — the work is done
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Huzza! the shout is victory.

Sunk is the beam of midnight low;
The fires of death have ceased to glow,
But morn a bloody field shall show,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Along thy banks, Niagara!

His silent stand the watchman takes,
Or by his wounded comrade wakes,
Whilst the last groan of misery breaks
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Oft midst the dying soldiery.

Ne’er saw these fields so fierce a fight
Since first this flood, with rapid flight,
Majestic from his giant height
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Roll’d thro’ his rugged scenery.

And while his cloud-capt surge shall pour,
May his deep thunder-voice no more
Be mingled with the battle’s roar
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Along his steep declivity.

Flamborough West, July, 1816erieus2


Adam Hood Burwell published poems under the pen name Erieus2

Source: Burwell, Adam Hood.  The Poems of Adam Hood Burwell, Pioneer Poet of Upper Canada. ed. by Dr. Carl F. Klinck. (Western Ontario History Nuggets no. 30, May 1963). London, Ont.: Lawson Memorial Library, The University of Western Ontario, 1963

This version of the poem appeared in The Scribbler (Montreal) I, p. 245-246, January 24, 1822

The original version was published in The Niagara Gleaner, date unknown, no copies of The Niagara Gleaner exist before 1818.


From “New” Poems of Adam Hood Burwell
Edited and Introduced by Mary Lu MacDonald
in canadianpoetry.org/

In Klinck’s edition, the text of “The Battle of Lundy’s Lane”, dated “Flamborough West, July 1816” is taken from the Scribbler of January 24, 1822. The editor has appended Burwell’s note that the lines had been “a little altered” since they first appeared in the Niagara Gleaner. No copies of the Gleaner printed before 1818 have survived. The poem was also printed in the Montreal Gazette of February 2, 1820, under the heading “from the Gleaner”. The Gazette’s version does vary slightly from that published in the Scribbler, although whether or not it is the same as the Gleaner original we may never be able to ascertain. Apart from differences in punctuation and spelling, and what are probably typographical errors (i.e. stanza 7. Scribbler: “The cannon’s thunders peal no more”. Gazette: “The cannon’s thunder peals no more”), there are three minor and two major differences. In line 4 the Gazette refers to a “murky” rather than a “sable” canopy. In line 7 the Gazette text reads “resplendent bow”, not “resplendent arch”; and in line 43 the Gazette’s field is “bloodier”, rather than “bloody” as in the Scribbler. A more major change is in the tenth stanza where, in the Scribbler version, the last two lines have been altered to remove any specific reference to victor and vanquished. In the Gazette these lines read:

Columbia yields! — the work is done! —
Britannia shouts the victory!

The Gazette text also includes a final stanza, missing from the Scribbler.

Long may the trav’ler who has stood,
In wonder lost, beside yon flood,
Turn to behold this field of blood,
Where fought the sons of chivalry.

About Adam Hood Burwell

erieus2

Niagara Falls: a Poem in Three Cantos / by James K. Liston.

Liston
Title page in his Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls ! stupendous, beautiful,
Enduring monument of Power Divine !
Thy white-foam pillars ever moving stand,
And ever standing move harmoniously
To the rough music of the dashing spray,
And roaring tumult of the boiling base.
How long has tuned this mystic minstrelsy ?
When did thy swift but solemn march begin ?
When wast thou first heaved o’er those heights sublime
That fringe, with green, Ontario’s mantle blue ?
How long hast thou been grinding down that steep
That frames the wonder of a wondrous world,
And holds thy silvery vestments to the sun ?

Niagara Falls ! stupendous, beautiful,
Enduring monument of Power Divine !
Thy white-foam pillars ever moving stand,
And ever standing move harmoniously
To the rough music of the dashing spray,
And roaring tumult of the boiling base.
How long has tuned this mystic minstrelsy ?
When did thy swift but solemn march begin ?
When wast thou first heaved o’er those heights sublime
That fringe, with green, Ontario’s mantle blue ?
How long hast thou been grinding down that steep
That frames the wonder of a wondrous world,
And holds thy silvery vestments to the sun ?

To see the full text of this long poem, visit the Hathi Trust scanned copy at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t0jt0gq1q;view=1up;seq=14

Source: Liston, James Knox. Niagara Falls a poem in three cantos. Toronto: The Author, 1843. Scanned copy from the Hathi Trust

The Battle of Lundy’s Lane by Lieut.-Col. J. R. Wilkinson

wilkinson lundy

wilkinson lundy
The plaque marking the location of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane

Fought July 26, 1814, American forces 5,000; British and Canadian, 2800

The summer sun down the sky fell low,
And soft, cooling winds more gently did blow,
And the stream swept by with resistless flow
On that July eve of the long ago, —
A lovely landscape as ever was seen,
And nature’s serenity crowned the scene.
A gold light shimmered o’er hill and stream,
And the shadows lengthened softly between.
Thus o’er this beautiful Canadian land
Fell the hush of nature, soothing and bland.

But hark ! on the startled ear there comes
The blaring of trumpets and roll of drums,
And war’s dread panoply bursts on the scene,
With its rumbling roar and thunder between,
As the bannered foe draws proudly nigh,
And the outposts before them quickly fly.
But Drummond draws up on the famous plain,
On the undulations of Lundy’s Lane.
On a rise in the centre his guns he placed,
Deployed his infantry, and sternly faced
The menacing foe in battle-array,
As the shades crept out on the dying day.
Sixteen hundred dauntless, determined souls
The heroic Drummond proudly controls.

In contiguous lines the foe now comes,
To the blare of trumpet and beat of drums,
With supporting columns to reinforce
And cheer the lines on their onward course.
Drummond’s guns open with deafening roar,
Shaking the trembling river and shore ;
And hundreds go down in the deadly storm :
Torn are their ranks, but again they re-form,
Move forward once more with a rush and cry,
Confident that Drummond will turn and fly,
But he stands fast, and his battery flashes,
And his firm infantry volleys and crashes
On the brave advancing lines of the foe
Rushing up from the fire-swept slope below.
Brown’s infantry charged to the battery’s side,
But to capture the guns in vain they tried.
They were met with the steel by Drummond’s men
And hurled confused down the slope again.
They tried it again — rushed forward once more,
But broke like a wave on a rock-bound shore !

Brown’s supports were brought up, and his cannon roared,
All along the lines the infantry poured
A withering, ceaseless and consuming fire :
And the rage of battle grew wilder, higher.
The enemy charged and charged again
Till their life-blood crimsoned the shot-torn plain,
And the awful din and the carnage there
Filled wives’ and mothers’ hearts with despair.

At length the long twilight closed around
The smoking cannon and the death-strewn ground,
And the pitying night drew o’er the scene
Of horror a mournful and sable screen.
Still amid the darkness they fighting fell,
And the surging ranks bore a fire of hell !
Muzzle to muzzle the hot guns stormed,
Rending the ranks that again reformed,
And rushed to the charge again and again
Through the infantry’s fire and batteries’ flame.
The guns were won and retaken again
In the revel of death, at Lundy’s Lane.

Here Riall came up with twelve hundred more,
To the help of Drummond, bleeding and sore :
Twelve hundred Canadians and regulars to stand
To the death for this proud Canadian land.
The brave foe brought up reinforcements, too,
Determined Drummond’s lines to pierce through ;
And they close in a mad, mad rush again,
And the roar of the hot guns shake the plain.
Lurid red flashes illumine the night,
Revealing a moment the dreadful sight
Of the lines struggling there in the gloom,
Where hundreds go down to a gory doom.

But Drummond the foemen foiled everywhere,
And disheartened, on the verge of dispair,
At the midnight hour they fled from the field, —
Broken and beaten, they were forced to yield.
Throwing their baggage in the stream, in fright
They fled away in a desperate plight.

The moon had risen o’er the pitiful scene,
With her lovely face, all mild and serene,
Lighting up the horror of carnage there,
Revealing the ghastly and upward stare
Of pale, dead faces peering out of the gloom,
Just touched by the silvery midnight moon.
Lay them away on the hard-fought field
Where the musketry volleyed and cannon pealed !
War’s tumult shall rouse them again no more,
The heroic dead by the river’s shore.
Slumber on, brave hearts ! ye do battle no more
Near Niagara’s awesome, eternal roar !

Oh, dear land of the Maple Leaf so fair,
Breathe even to-day a fervent prayer
For those intrepid souls, who, fighting, fell
For home and country they loved so well.
Canadians ! tell it — repeat it again —
How our fathers stood there at Lundy’s Lane,
With the regulars fearlessly side by side —
Stood there as heroes, conquered and died.
To rescue this land from the invader’s tread
That field was piled with immortal dead.

Source: Lieut.-Col. J. R. Wilkinson. Canadian Battlefields and Other Poems. 2nd ed. Toronto, William Briggs, 1901