The Falls of Niagara by J. Newton Brown

newton
Niagara Falls. To Thomas Dixon esq. this view of the American Fall taken from Goat Island. 1829. painted & engraved by W.J. Bennett ; printed by J. Neale. Courtesy of the Library of Congress

addressed to a friend

Years may roll on, but never shall their race
‡‡ Bring to my eye another sight like this ;
Nor shall the rushing flood of Time efface
‡‡ The sentiments profound of awe and bliss ; —
‡‡ No ! never can my mind hereafter miss
The images so strongly there engraved ;
‡‡ That overwhelming Fall — that dread abyss
From which the living torrents rose and raved : —
Whatever it may lose, this scene, at least, is saved.

And I have seen thee, wonder of the world !
‡‡ Unequalled cataract ! my country’s pride !
With all thy weight of waters downward hurled,
‡‡ As if in earth’s deep bowels thou wouldst hide
‡‡ Superior, Huron, Erie’s blended tide !
And I that foaming tide emerge have seen,
‡‡ As winding down the precipice’s side,
Dipt by thy spray in everlasting green.
At thy dread foot I stood, and viewed the wondrous scene.

And shall I now attempt to body forth
‡‡ Its mighty features in descriptive song ?
Bold effort ! and perhaps of little worth ; —
‡‡ Yet, it would seem, some tribute doth belong
‡‡ To Nature’s master-work, from mortal tongue ;
And thou, my friend, the effort dost demand :
‡‡ Rouse then thy spirit to conception strong,
And come with me, in fancy take thy stand
Amidst the TERRIBLE, the BEAUTIFUL, the GRAND !

The sweep majestic of the river’s brow,
‡‡ Which, far above, extends from shore to shore ;
The island, like a foam-encircled prow ;
‡‡ Heaven’s bright blue arch rising behind and o’er ;
‡‡ The lake-born torrents, as with ceaseless roar,
Over the everlasting rocks they roll,
‡‡ Impatient, to the dizzy leap before ;
All rush at once upon the startled soul,
At the first rapid glance your eye throws o’er the whole.

But sight is mingled at the heart with sound —
‡‡ The loud, the deafening thunder of the Fall ;
Which seems at first sensation to confound,
‡‡ The brain to madden, and the breast appal,
‡‡ And spread annihilation over all ! —
The dazzling whiteness of the sheeted foam.
‡‡ Which to the eye appears a snow-built wall.
On which is reared a bright cerulean dome,
That poets well might take for Fancy’s airy home !

The clouds of rising and dissolving spray.
‡‡ Which wave and wanton in the gusty wind ;
On which the sunbeams hold their magic play,
‡‡ Painting gay rainbows of each glorious kind.
‡‡ That change their shape and color, like the mind
Of soft and ductile youth with every scene ;
‡‡ Now swelling upward free and unconfined,
In matchless beauty and resplendent sheen ;
Now bursting — leaving but the black abyss between !

The dark and dripping cliffs, which overhead
‡‡ Rise like the war-built towers of ancient time,
Breathing defiance, and inspiring dread ;
‡‡ Which echo back, with emphasis sublime,
‡‡ The cataract’s awful sounds, in measured chime,
Rolling along the deep and distant pass,
‡‡ Until at length the blood-stained heights they climb,
Where swelled the roar of battle — where, alas !
Our country’s sons and foes fell in one mingled mass.

Then, the still darker torrent at your feet,
‡‡ Whose green-wreathed floods boil up from the abyss ;
To whose unfathomed depths, in one broad sheet,
‡‡ They thundering fell — whose tides with horrid hiss,
‡‡ Like venomous serpents vast, do seem, I wis,
Writhing in pain, and madly rushing by
‡‡ Toward far Ontario’s bed,— all, all of this,
Must have struck on the heart, the ear, the eye,
To give the awful sense of its sublimity.

O, there I thought — and thought did well beseem
‡‡ A scene so full of fearful majesty —
If with such wonders his creation teem,
‡‡ What must the glory of their Author be !
‡‡ With what deep reverence and humility.
Ought we to bow before his mighty hand ! —
‡‡ Lord of creation and eternity !
Shall human pride not quail at thy command ? —
The thunder of thy power, O, who can understand !

Buffalo, July 6, 1823.

Source: J. Newton Brown. Emily, and Other Poems. Concord, N.H., I. S. Boyd, 1840.

See John Newton Brown’s entry in Wikipedia

Another poem on the NFPP website is possibly written by Brown. It was signed “Newton”, and published in the American Baptist Magazine in 1825.  See Falls of Niagara: A Sketch

Battle of Niagara: a Poem Without Notes by John Neal

neal
John Neal by Sarah Miriam Peale, c. 1823, Portland Museum of Art – Portland, Maine

The full title of this book is Battle of Niagara: A Poem, Without Notes : and Goldau, Or, The Maniac Harper. It was originally published under the pseudonym Jehu O’Cataract in 1818.

Click to see the full-text of the book at Google Books.


From Charles Dow*:

John Neal was of Quaker descent but was read out of the society. He was a pioneer in American literature, being the first American contributor to English and Scotch quarterlies. He was an artist, a lawyer, traveler, journalist, athlete and an advocate of woman suffrage in 1838.

“The Battle of Niagara” was written when the author was a prisoner, or so he informs the reader. It has a metrical introduction with four cantos which tell the story of the Battle of Niagara. This story is interspersed with various flights of poetic fancy on the scenery and surroundings of the Falls.

N.B. The Battle of Niagara is now formally known as the Battle of Lundy’s Lane. Other names have included the Battle of Niagara Falls and the Battle of Bridgewater.

*Dow, Charles Mason. Anthology and Bibliography of Niagara Falls. Albany: State of New York, 1921, p. 699


From Frank H. Severance:**

As I survey the literature of this- period I find no bolder utterance, no fiercer defiance of Great Britain’s “Hordes,” than in the sonorous stanzas of some of our gentle poets. Iambic defiance, unless kindled by a grand genius, is a poor sort of fireworks, even when it undertakes to combine patriotism and appreciation of natural scenery. Certainly something might be expected of a poet who sandwiches Niagara Falls in between bloody battles and gives us the magnificent in nature, the gallant in warfare and the loftiest patriotism in purpose, the three strains woven in a triple paean of passion, 94 duodecimo pages in length. Such a work was offered to the world at Baltimore in 1818, with this title-page: “Battle of Niagara, a Poem without Notes, and Goldau, or the Maniac Harper. Eagles and Stars and Rainbows. By Jehu O’Cataract, author of ‘Keep Cool.’ ” I have never seen “Keep Cool,” but it must be very different from the “Battle of Niagara,” or it belies its name. The fiery Jehu O’Cataract was John Neal, or “Yankee Neal,” as he was called.

The “Battle of Niagara,” he informs the reader, was written when he was a prisoner; when he “felt the victories of his countrymen.” The poem has a metrical introduction and four cantos, in which is told, none too lucidly, the story of the battle of Niagara, with such flights of eagles, scintillation of stars and breaking of rainbows, that no quotation can do it justice. In style it is now Miltonic, now reminiscent of Walter Scott. The opening canto is mainly an apostrophe to the Bird, and a vision of glittering horsemen. Canto two is a dissertation on Lake Ontario, with word-pictures of the primitive Indian. The rest of the poem is devoted to the battle near the great cataract—and throughout all are sprinkled the eagles, stars and rainbows. Do not infer from this that the production is wholly bad; it is merely a good specimen of that early American poetry which was just bad enough to escape being good.

** Severance, Frank H. Notes on the Literature of the War of 1812. Paper Read at the annual meeting of the Ontario Historical Society, 1912.


Source:  John Neal. Battle of Niagara: A Poem, Without Notes : and Goldau, Or, The Maniac Harper. Baltimore:  N.G. Maxwell. From the Portico Press, Geo. W. Grater, printer, 1818

Read about the Battle of Lundy’s Lane

The Foresters: A Poem Descriptive of a Pedestrian Journey to the Falls of Niagara…by Alexander Wilson

foresters
Alexander Wilson. Image from his book American Ornithology


The foresters: a poem, descriptive of a pedestrian journey to the falls of Niagara, in the autumn of 1804
by the author of American Ornithology (Alexander Wilson).

An 80 page poem with an additional 26 pages of notes. Charles Dow* says of this poem “A narrative poem describing a journey from the banks of the Schuylkill, through Pennsylvania and New York to Niagara Falls, published in the Portfolio of Philadelphia in 1809 and 1810…the following lines show that Wilson’s fame rests more securely on an ornithological rather than on a poetical basis.”

From pg. 74:

Heavy and slow, increasing on the ear,
Deep through the woods a rising storm we hear,
Th’ approaching gust still loud and louder grows,
As when the strong north-east resistless blows,
Or black tornado, rushing through the wood,
Alarms th’ affrighted swains with uproar rude.
Yet the blue heavens displayed their clearest sky,
And dead below the silent forests lie;
And not a breath the slightest leaf assailed;
But all around tranquillity prevaile.
“What noise is that ?” we ask, with anxious mein,
A dull salt driver passing with his team,
“Noise! noise! — why nothing that I hear or see,
But Niagara Falls — Pray, whereabouts live ye?”

See the full text of this poem at the Hathi Trust

Read about Wilson & The Foresters in the blog Of Birds and Poetry: Alexander Wilson and The Foresters

*Dow, Charles Mason. Anthology and Bibliography of Niagara Falls. Albany: State of New York, 1921.  p. 698

The Local Tourist by Amanda Leonard

leonard
Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip Arrive by Car at Niagara Falls, October 14, 1951. Image courtesy of Niagara Falls Public Library

Niagara. She is my favourite painter.

Because I taste limestone on my eyes’ parched lips and swim with carelessness in her urgency in constant motion

Because she is felt on the back of dawn
And not popping within of free fireworks, as she holds a much deeper secret

Her body, decaying with duplicitous effigies of her story, a story of erosion, of two bodies of water, meeting

A story lost without capture, lost outside the frame

Dipping my toes in such honeymoon
Of past loves
More luxurious than any fiberglass tub dripping with scarlet passion
And more than his thick hands on the steel beams hoistening up more divide, parking meters

She is beneath me, underneath those man-made islands
And searchingly, meandering to lower ground,

And its because her sound reverberates on the other side of the world

She sits still, in her royally crescent moon as time flowing through her like silk, changes her

Until, high beams flash in my rearview mirror
Telling me to move along
I have been staring at her for far too long

Source: Amanda Leonard, 2020

Amanda Leonard is an English/Visual Arts teacher who enjoys writing and sketching. She was born and raised in Niagara Falls, but has been nomadic for the last decade.
She is currently writing a novel that is set in modern day Niagara Falls.

The Fugitive Slave’s Apostrophe to Niagara by E.D.H.

slave
Freedom Crossing Monument in Lewiston, NY. , looking toward Canada. Sculpture by Susan Geissler

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Hail to thy roaring flood,
Eternal torrent ! dark Niagara , hail !
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡How bounds my boiling blood,
As thy loud voice comes thundering on the gale,
And the tumultuous waves thy dark-brown rocks assail.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Fierce is thy thunder-shock,
As the wild waters in their madness leap
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡From the eternal rock,
Plunging and raging, with impetuous sweep,
Till on the lake’s calm breast thy boiling billows sleep.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡So terrible and strong,
Whirl maddening passions in the bondman’s breast,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Trampled and scarred by Wrong,
Ere the tired spirit finds its hallowed rest,
In Freedom’s stormless home, and glorious sunlight blessed.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Roll and roar on, wild river !
Man’s fetters cannot bind thy billows free—,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Chainless and strong forever ;
As thou hast been, thy leaping flood shall be,
Guarding, with watery wall, the land of liberty.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Glory to God on high !
Free as thy tide are my unshackled limbs ;
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And here, unawed, will I
Join the wild chorus thy mad torrent hymns,
Stirring the pictured mist that o’er thy bosom swims.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Far from the southern plains,
I’ve traced my pathway, through the sunless wild,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Spurning the hated chains
That on my heel clanked heavy, from a child,
Binding to earth the soul, degraded and defiled.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡On, by the beacon led,
That burns, unerring, in the northern sky,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡O’er the lone fields I fled,
To where thy thunder lifts its voice on high,
And to the bondman tells the land of freedom nigh.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Here, by thy foaming surge,
Back on the hated land where I was born, —
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Land of the chain and scourge, —
I pour the fires of unrelenting scorn,
And hatred that shall burn, till life’s last ray is gone.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡“Home of the true and brave,”
Where BASTARD FREEDOM broods her mongrel horde,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And on the imbruted slave
Plants the red heel, and with the life-blood poured,
Stains the fell altars, where her horrid name’s adored.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡It gave me but the chain,
The scourge, and task, and bondman’s life of woe,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And ruthless torn in twain
The holiest ties that bind us here below, —
Hearts that inwoven beat with one united flow.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Nor thus to me alone, —
But fettered millions lift their arms on high,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And shriek, and wail, and groan,
To Heaven ascending, in one fearful cry,
Bid the red bolts of wrath in hissing vengeance fly.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And yet our God shall turn,
And on this land his fiery volleys pour,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Till his fierce wrath shall burn
From far Astoria, to her eastern shore,
And from her Sable cape, to where thy waters roar.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Joy to the bondmen then,
When his right arm is laid for Justice bare,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And loud from every glen
And mountain, lit by one funereal glare,
Ascends the tyrant’s wail upon the troubled air.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Then shall thy torrent be
Their strong munition, and its bounding flood
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡A guard, to them that flee
From the Avenger of the Negro’s blood ;
Where blackness shrouds the land, where erst her glory stood.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Over thy rugged brow
Changeless and bright, the bow of promise bends,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Making the dark mist glow,
As Hope the clouds of Sorrow, when she lends
To Earth the joyous light which from her glance descends.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Eternal Priestess, thine
Is the pure baptism of the chainless free ;
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Cool on this brow of mine
Thy holy drops descend, as broad to me
Unroll the temple-gates of meek-eyed Liberty !

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Let the fell tyrant rage ;
Into thy arms my sinewy form I fling,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡And though his keel may wage
Mad warfare with thy billows, buffeting
The roaring floods with might, thou’lt guard me from his sting.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡He may not cross thy tide,
With the strong fetters of a tyrant’s power ;
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Thy waves in foaming pride
The shrieking wretch in madness would devour,
And clap their hands, and shout the bondman’s triumph hour.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡O that the Negro’s God
Would give to dust this mortal part once more,
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡That o’er thy awful flood,
Swathed in the cloud-wreath dim, my soul might soar,
Exulting in the sound of thy eternal roar.

‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡Loud with thy thunder tone
My voice shall blend, and when this land shall rock
‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡With its last earthquake groan,
My shout the tyrant’s dying shriek should mock,
And chant the victor -hymn to Ruin’s rending shock.

November 1, 1841

Source: Buckingham, Joseph Tinker. Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life. Boston: Ticknor, 1852.

Read more about the Freedom Crossing Monument

Read about the Underground Railroad which helped fugitive slaves to freedom in Canada